Central Europe

Is the President of Unia & Polska, a pro-European organisation. He worked with the Financial Times as its Warsaw Correspondent from 1976 to 2000 and later published Unia & Polska, a magazine devoted to EU issues. He writes for openDemocracy and is associate editor on the Europe section of Europe’s World. He is a co-chair of Steering Committee of Eastern Partnership Civil Society Forum. He studied modern history at Magdalen College, Oxford. He is a Commander (II class) of the Stella della Solidarieta’ Italiana.

Since 2000 holds the position of the president of the NBP (Polish Central Bank). 1989-1991 Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Finance and President of Economic Commitee of the Council of Ministers in the first non-communist government in Poland after World War II. In this vital period in Polands' transition he designed and executed the radical stabilization and transformation of Polish economy, leading it to free market economy. 1995-2000 the president of Freedom Union (UW).